Thematic Roles and Verb Valency
Thematic Roles and Verb Valency Thematic roles are semantic relations that noun phrases have with respect to the action or state described by a verb. For example, in the sentence "The boy kicked the ball," The boy is the agent (the one who did the kicking), the ball is the theme (the thing which was kicked). Verb valency is a property of verbs that determines the number and type of arguments that they require. For example, the verb "put" is a trivalent verb because it requires three arguments: (put V: <AGENT, THEME, LOCATION>). The verb "eat" is a divalent verb because it requires two arguments: an agent and a patient. The verb "sleep" is a monovalent verb because it requires only one argument: an agent. Thematic roles and verb valency are closely related. In general, a verb's valency determines the number of thematic roles that it can express. For example, a trivalent verb can express three thematic roles: agent, patient, and instrument. A divalent verb can express two thematic roles: agent and patient. A monovalent verb can express only one thematic role: agent. Thematic roles and verb valency are also important for understanding the syntax of sentences. In general, the subject of a sentence corresponds to the agent of the verb, the direct object of a sentence corresponds to the patient of the verb, and the indirect object of a sentence corresponds to the beneficiary of the verb.
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